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Tool - Python Ruff

May 20, 20245 min read

Ruff

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title: ## Contents 
style: nestedList # TOC style (nestedList|inlineFirstLevel)
minLevel: 1 # Include headings from the specified level
maxLevel: 4 # Include headings up to the specified level
includeLinks: true # Make headings clickable
debugInConsole: false # Print debug info in Obsidian console

Overview

ABOUT

Ruff: an extremely fast Python code linter and formatter, written with Rust. For more, see the documentation.

  • ⚡️ 10-100x faster than existing linters (like Flake8) and formatters (like Black)
  • 🐍 Installable via pip
  • 🛠️ pyproject.toml support
  • 🤝 Python 3.12 compatibility
  • ⚖️ Drop-in parity with Flake8, isort, and Black
  • 📦 Built-in caching, to avoid re-analyzing unchanged files
  • 🔧 Fix support, for automatic error correction (e.g., automatically remove unused imports)
  • 📏 Over 800 built-in rules, with native re-implementations of popular Flake8 plugins, like flake8-bugbear
  • ⌨️ First-party editor integrations for VS Code and more
  • 🌎 Monorepo-friendly, with hierarchical and cascading configuration

Ruff aims to be orders of magnitude faster than alternative tools while integrating more functionality behind a single, common interface.

Ruff can be used to replace Flake8 (plus dozens of plugins), Black, isort, pydocstyle, pyupgrade, autoflake, and more, all while executing tens or hundreds of times faster than any individual tool.

Ruff is extremely actively developed and used in major open-source projects like:

…and many more.

Ruff is backed by Astral. Read the launch post, or the original project announcement.

Installation

Ruff is available as ruff on PyPI:

pip install ruff

You can also install Ruff via Homebrew, Conda, and with a variety of other package managers.

Usage

To run Ruff as a linter, try any of the following:

ruff check                          # Lint all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).
ruff check path/to/code/            # Lint all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).
ruff check path/to/code/*.py        # Lint all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.
ruff check path/to/code/to/file.py  # Lint `file.py`.
ruff check @arguments.txt           # Lint using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.

Or, to run Ruff as a formatter:

ruff format                          # Format all files in the current directory (and any subdirectories).
ruff format path/to/code/            # Format all files in `/path/to/code` (and any subdirectories).
ruff format path/to/code/*.py        # Format all `.py` files in `/path/to/code`.
ruff format path/to/code/to/file.py  # Format `file.py`.
ruff format @arguments.txt           # Format using an input file, treating its contents as newline-delimited command-line arguments.

Ruff can also be used as a pre-commit hook via ruff-pre-commit:

- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
  # Ruff version.
  rev: v0.4.2
  hooks:
    # Run the linter.
    - id: ruff
      args: [ --fix ]
    # Run the formatter.
    - id: ruff-format

Ruff can also be used as a VS Code extension or alongside any other editor through the Ruff LSP.

Ruff can also be used as a GitHub Action via ruff-action:

name: Ruff
on: [ push, pull_request ]
jobs:
  ruff:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: chartboost/ruff-action@v1

Configuration

Ruff can be configured through a pyproject.toml, ruff.toml, or .ruff.toml file (see: Configuration, or Settings for a complete list of all configuration options).

If left unspecified, Ruff’s default configuration is equivalent to the following ruff.toml file:

# Exclude a variety of commonly ignored directories.
exclude = [
    ".bzr",
    ".direnv",
    ".eggs",
    ".git",
    ".git-rewrite",
    ".hg",
    ".ipynb_checkpoints",
    ".mypy_cache",
    ".nox",
    ".pants.d",
    ".pyenv",
    ".pytest_cache",
    ".pytype",
    ".ruff_cache",
    ".svn",
    ".tox",
    ".venv",
    ".vscode",
    "__pypackages__",
    "_build",
    "buck-out",
    "build",
    "dist",
    "node_modules",
    "site-packages",
    "venv",
]
 
# Same as Black.
line-length = 88
indent-width = 4
 
# Assume Python 3.8
target-version = "py38"
 
[lint]
# Enable Pyflakes (`F`) and a subset of the pycodestyle (`E`)  codes by default.
select = ["E4", "E7", "E9", "F"]
ignore = []
 
# Allow fix for all enabled rules (when `--fix`) is provided.
fixable = ["ALL"]
unfixable = []
 
# Allow unused variables when underscore-prefixed.
dummy-variable-rgx = "^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$"
 
[format]
# Like Black, use double quotes for strings.
quote-style = "double"
 
# Like Black, indent with spaces, rather than tabs.
indent-style = "space"
 
# Like Black, respect magic trailing commas.
skip-magic-trailing-comma = false
 
# Like Black, automatically detect the appropriate line ending.
line-ending = "auto"

Note that, in a pyproject.toml, each section header should be prefixed with tool.ruff. For example, [lint] should be replaced with [tool.ruff.lint].

Some configuration options can be provided via dedicated command-line arguments, such as those related to rule enablement and disablement, file discovery, and logging level:

ruff check --select F401 --select F403 --quiet

The remaining configuration options can be provided through a catch-all --config argument:

ruff check --config "lint.per-file-ignores = {'some_file.py' = ['F841']}"

See ruff help for more on Ruff’s top-level commands, or ruff help check and ruff help format for more on the linting and formatting commands, respectively.

Rules

Ruff supports over 800 lint rules, many of which are inspired by popular tools like Flake8, isort, pyupgrade, and others. Regardless of the rule’s origin, Ruff re-implements every rule in Rust as a first-party feature.

By default, Ruff enables Flake8’s F rules, along with a subset of the E rules, omitting any stylistic rules that overlap with the use of a formatter, like ruff format or Black.

If you’re just getting started with Ruff, the default rule set is a great place to start: it catches a wide variety of common errors (like unused imports) with zero configuration.

Beyond the defaults, Ruff re-implements some of the most popular Flake8 plugins and related code quality tools, including:

For a complete enumeration of the supported rules, see Rules.

Appendix

Note created on 2024-04-29 and last modified on 2024-04-29.

See Also

LIST FROM [[Tool - Python Ruff]] AND -"CHANGELOG" AND -"//Tool - Python Ruff"

(c) No Clocks, LLC | 2024

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